MCQ Quiz

1. What action can a lender take if the restructuring decision process for a borrower determines a need to reduce exposure?

a) Set up and monitor qualitative triggers.

b) Set up and monitor quantitative triggers.

c) Liquidate and sell the borrower’s current assets.

d) Restrict new drawdowns on committed facilities.

2. What is the number of inventory days for a company with sales of INR 500,000, inventory of INR 60,000, cost of goods sold of INR 300,000 and trade receivables of INR 125,000?

a) 73

b) 152

c) 175

d) 219

3. Which is an example of a tangible fixed asset?

a) Cash.

b) Goodwill.

c) Land.

d) Trademark.

4. What type of credit rating is most appropriate to evaluate the credit risk of a group of borrowers that has never borrowed money before?

a) Corporate family rating.

b) Issue rating.

c) Issuer rating.

d) Short-term rating.

5. Why might a business choose to expand its capital assets?

a) To claim high levels of depreciation.

b) To increase regular spending activities.

c) To utilise all the available surplus cash reserves.

d) To increase cash flow and revenue over the long term.

6. What condition(s) must apply when opening a letter of credit (LC) for a customer?

a) A cash margin equivalent to the value of the LC must be held.

b) The LC cannot be issued in favour of another group company.

c) The LC cannot be opened in favour of a supplier it has not previously dealt with.

d) The tenor of the LC must not exceed the maximum agreed when the facility was approved.

7. What action should a business take to remain competitive and stand out amongst its peers who are offering substitute products?

a) Freeze production costs to increase overall profitability.

b) Reduce development costs to better control expenditures.

c) Increase the product’s price to build perceived product superiority.

d) Increase investments in product advertising to increase customer awareness.

8. If net sales for a company over three Fiscal Year Ends (FYE) was FYE 1: INR 1,25,00,885, FYE 2: INR 1,37,45,473 and FYE 3: INR 1,40,25,992, what is this company’s sales growth for FYE 3 compared to FYE 2?

a) 2.0%

b) 2.04%

c) 8.87%

d) 10.0%

9. What is the primary purpose of setting up internal triggers for credit risk monitoring?

a) To provide early warning signals of deteriorating credit risk.

b) To identify breaches of contractually agreed upon covenants.

c) To flag an issue when financial statements are ready for review.

d) To replace contractual covenants for borrowers with high credit standing.

10. In which scenario would customer concentration cause significant cash flow risk for a business?

a) The business sells clothing to individual consumers.

b) The business distributes flour to most bakeries in the region.

c) The business supplies specialised parts to the largest auto maker.

d) The business provides cleaning services to schools, offices and residential buildings.

11. What term refers to the amount that a lender expects to be outstanding at the time of default?

a) Expected default loss.

b) Exposure at default.

c) Loss given default.

d) Probability of default.

12. What is the best description of liquidity for a business?

a) Current assets exceed current liabilities.

b) The business generates sufficient profit to cover interest.

c) All debt obligations would be repaid in the event of liquidation.

d) The business generates sufficient cash to meet interest expenses and make debt payments.

13. Which factor affecting the cost of funds will lead to a surplus to the lender if positive?

a) Profit margin.

b) Risk premium.

c) Term of funds.

d) Cost of capital.

14. In what type of repayment structure is a loan repaid by only one payment at the end of the loan period?

a) Annuity.

b) Balloon.

c) Bullet.

d) Equal.

15. What is the first step for a management team in order to achieve results through the efforts of others?

a) Set the strategic direction.

b) Source the necessary resources.

c) Incentivise the organisation in an effective manner.

d) Manage the critical business operations on a daily and long-term basis.

16. What effect does the number of a company’s trade receivable days have on its cash flow?

a) Number of trade receivable days does not affect cash flow.

b) Stable trade receivable days results in increased cash flow.

c) A decrease in trade receivable days results in increased cash flow.

d) An increase in trade receivable days results in increased cash flow.

17. What is the difference between a partnership firm and a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)?

a) If a partner dies a partnership firm continues to exist and an LLP dissolves.

b) An LLP is a separate legal entity from its members and a partnership is not a separate legal entity.

c) An LLP is governed by the Indian Partnership Act and a partnership firm is governed by the Companies Act.

d) The income from a partnership firm stays within the firm and LLP income is personal income for the partners.

18. Which risk driver refers to the average time it takes a business to collect its sales in cash?

a) Sales growth.

b) Gross margin.

c) Accounts payable days.

d) Accounts receivable days.

19. Which Basel II guidelines-based ratings approach permits the recognition of certain types of credit risk mitigation, such as collateral and guarantees, when calculating underlying risk exposure?

a) Standardised.

b) Internal ratings-based.

c) Foundation internal ratings-based.

d) Capital requirement for credit risk.

20. According to the Indian Companies Act, within what period of the creation of a security charge must it be registered, including the maximum permitted period of condonable delay?

a) 30 days.

b) 300 days.

c) 1 year.

d) 5 years.

21. Which source of external information about a company’s past behaviour can be used to assess its management integrity?

a) Discussions with management.

b) Details of dividends paid over the last five years.

c) Opinion about management included in credit agency reports.

d) Account statements showing whether the company has met its obligations to the bank on time.

22. What is free cash flow?

a) Net cash available after depreciation and amortisation.

b) Net cash generated from sales without associated costs.

c) Net cash after operations, interest expense, and dividends.

d) Net cash remaining after spending to maintain or expand assets.

23. At the beginning of the year, ZXV Inc. acquires computer equipment at a cost of INR 500,000. Using a 40% declining balance depreciation rate each year, what is the depreciation charge for this equipment in the second year?

a) INR 120,000.

b) INR 180,000.

c) INR 200,000.

d) INR 300,000.

24. What is the most favourable scenario for a buyer in the supplier market?

a) Unchanging supplier market.

b) Frequent entry of new suppliers.

c) Exclusive relationship with a large supplier.

d) Presence of a few highly specialised suppliers.

25. What is a sign of incipient stress which may result in an account being classified as Special Mention Account (SMA) under the SMA-0 sub-category?

a) Delay of 30 days in submission of stock statements.

b) Decrease in frequency of overdrafts in current accounts.

c) Actual sales and operating profits falling short of projections accepted for loan sanction by 20%.

d) Return of three cheques issued by borrowers in 30 days on grounds of non-availability of balance.

26. In an initial review of a company’s financial statements, which ratios can be reviewed to uncover opportunities and identify potential risk flags?

a) Net income.

b) Gross margin.

c) Inventory days.

d) Return on equity.

27. When determining a company’s management risk, what details should be assessed before meeting with the company’s management?

a) The competitors’ performance.

b) The company’s goal planning process.

c) The company’s most recent annual report.

d) The economic outlook for the next couple of years.

28. What is an example of an administrative expense in dealing with a problem loan?

a) Litigation restructuring costs.

b) Increased frequency of audits.

c) Costs to train new employees.

d) Loss of management control of the company.

29. What is considered a critical management skill for key executives of a business?

a) Effective leadership style.

b) Aggressive in taking risks.

c) Able to tailor communication style to the audience.

d) Able to contribute to the annual business planning process.

30. What is the most important reason for a lender to monitor pending business-altering laws during a credit risk assessment?

a) To ensure informed decisions on future loan requests.

b) To determine the laws’ impact on future operations and cash flow.

c) To understand how the political landscape will change in the future.

d) To estimate the competition’s performance compared to that of the borrower.

31. Company A had outstanding trade payable for an average of 44 days in Fiscal Year-End (FYE) 1 and 41 days in FYE 2. Company B had outstanding trade payable for an average of 52 days in FYE 1 and 55 days in FYE 2. Which of Company A or Company B is most likely to borrow funds, and why?

a) Company A due to reduced cash flow.

b) Company B due to reduced cash flow.

c) Company A due to increased cash flow.

d) Company B due to increased cash flow.

32. What is the result when a project’s discount rate equals its internal rate of return?

a) A net present value of zero.

b) A net present value that is commercially viable.

c) Discounted cash outflows will be greater than discounted cash inflows.

d) Discounted cash inflows will be greater than discounted cash outflows.

33. Which term refers to the amount of risk that a new loan adds to a portfolio of loans?

a) Concentration.

b) Correlation.

c) Individual exposure.

d) Risk contribution.

34. When disbursing term loans, which strategy should be used to ensure that the funds are utilised for the intended purposes?

a) Pay disbursements directly to the suppliers.

b) Pay disbursements to the borrower’s current account.

c) Ensure the undrawn limit is equal to the amount requested to be drawn.

d) Require the customer to provide funds after disbursal to ensure that the required debt-equity ratio is met.

35. XYZ trucking company (XYZ) has recently entered into an arrangement with an online sales business to deliver their general consumer goods and expect that this partnership will improve their sales. XYZ has sought enhanced financing to support this new business. The transportation industry is in a decline due to a recession, and XYZ’s most recent annual financial statement shows relatively weak sales performance. What is the next step in assessing XYZ’s credit application?

a) The assessment should end, and credit should be declined.

b) The assessment should be postponed until the industry enters the recovery stage.

c) The assessment should continue and focus on total profit as a measure of success.

d) The assessment should continue with more focus on the sales projections scenarios and cash flow impact.

36. Which part of the financial statements does the Uniform Credit Analysis primarily focus on?

a) Balance Sheet.

b) Cash Flow Statement.

c) Income Statement.

d) Net Worth Statement.

37. What is a key principle of the strategic debt restructuring scheme (SDR)?

a) The decision to invoke an SDR should be made within 360 days of the initial account review.

b) After the conversion, all lenders must collectively hold 49% or more of the equity shares of the company.

c) The invocation of an SDR is not treated as restructuring for the purpose of asset classification and provisioning norms.

d) Equity shares acquired and held by banks under an SDR are exempt from the periodic mark-to-market requirement for 12 months after the reference date.

38. Which component within a deal structure reflects the nature of the credit purpose being financed?

a) Covenant.

b) Guarantee.

c) Pricing.

d) Tenor.

39. What is most important to assess when determining how an industry regulation will affect a company’s industry and business risk?

a) If the regulation is a Federal regulation.

b) If the regulation is a proposed regulation.

c) If the company’s cash flows will be affected.

d) If the company is operating in a free market.

40. What does the right to claim indemnity entitle the guarantor to do?

a) Pay the debt to the creditor voluntarily.

b) Ask the borrower to be relieved of its obligation.

c) Receive from the borrower the amount paid under the guarantee.

d) Ask the borrower to notify the creditor that the guarantor has been relieved of any obligation.

41. Which is likely to be false of a company with a low gearing ratio?

a) It has a high debt load.

b) It has high interest costs.

c) It has high repayment ability.

d) It has a high repayment obligation.

42. Which is a long-term source of working capital financing?

a) Accrued expenses.

b) Customer advances.

c) Term loans.

d) Trade payables.

43. Using the turnover method (Nayak committee method), what percentage of projected annual turnover must a borrower provide as margin to finance working capital?

a) 5%

b) 16%

c) 25%

d) 32%

44. How do a business’s operating expenses affect the level of its cash flow?

a) Operating expenses do not affect cash flow.

b) Lower operating expenses result in lower cash flow.

c) Lower operating expenses result in higher cash flow.

d) Higher operating expenses result in higher cash flow.

45. What is a way to conduct an inventory check when verifying the entire inventory is not feasible?

a) Conduct an ABC analysis.

b) Review work in progress records.

c) Review Central Excise taxation records.

d) Check for boards indicating which assets are charged to the bank.

46. What is drawing power?

a) The approved fund-based working capital limit to finance a company’s inventory and receivables.

b) The value of eligible inventory and receivables detailed in a company’s latest stock statement that can be drawn against.

c) A company’s credit limit based on the value of eligible items from its latest stock statement multiplied by the agreed margin.

d) The lower of a company’s approved fund-based working capital limit and the lending value calculated based on its latest stock statement and usance letters of credit issued.

47. What should a lender consider when using projections in the credit risk assessment process?

a) Select assumptions that will confirm the desired results.

b) Avoid the tendency to include information on price trends.

c) Understand that past projections and results have no impact on forecast assumptions.

d) Set assumptions based on past performance, management performance, and the external environment.

48. Which party issues a letter of credit in a goods and services transaction?

a) Applicant.

b) Bank.

c) Beneficiary.

d) Seller.

49. What describes the primary reason(s) that companies need sound corporate governance?

a) To formulate appropriate business strategy.

b) To identify business activities that are not being run efficiently.

c) To ensure that senior management is appropriately compensated.

d) To ensure there is adequate oversight and to prevent excessive risk-taking.

50. What condition(s) must apply when opening a letter of credit (LC) for a customer?

a) A cash margin equivalent to the value of the LC must be held.

b) The LC cannot be issued in favour of another group company.

c) The tenor of the LC must not exceed the maximum agreed when the facility was approved.

d) The LC cannot be opened in favour of a supplier it has not previously dealt with.

51. What is the profit before tax and financial costs for a company with sales of INR 5,000,000, cost of goods sold of INR 2,600,000, operating expenses of INR 1,400,000, interest expense of INR 60,000 and tax expenses of INR 125,000?

a) INR 815,000

b) INR 940,000

c) INR 1,000,000

d) INR 1,185,000

52. What type of credit rating will most likely cause a borrower’s credit score to be adjusted downward because of an expected downturn in the borrower’s industry?

a) Fail grade rating

b) Single risk rating

c) Facility risk rating

d) External international rating

53. What type of transactions would require further investigation in a cash credit account?

a) Debits for salaries

b) Credits for sales turnover

c) Debits of round figure sums

d) Debits for frequent suppliers

54. How can a company’s management best minimise the impact of potential interruptions in the input supplies?

a) Obtain supplier insurance

b) Hold large stocks for all key supply inputs

c) Maintain good personal rapport with the key input suppliers

d) Ensure that there is an alternate supply source for all key inputs

55. What can be reasonably assumed when a business’s debt to tangible worth ratio is higher than 1.00?

a) Gearing is low

b) Financial risk is unfavourable

c) Creditors support assets more than the owners

d) The owners support assets more than creditors

56. Which factor can make it difficult to project a business’s financial performance based on historic trends?

a) Past operating results

b) Management’s future plans

c) Economic and competitive environments

d) Minimum rate for the lender’s return on assets

57. Which is a major risk for a business in the mature stage of its life cycle?

a) Failure to repay debt

b) Filing for bankruptcy

c) Merger with a competitor

d) Inability to invest in new products

58. What external factors outside of a business’s control can affect its liquidity levels?

a) Credit and lending policy

b) Facility and loan structure

c) Industry and business risk

d) Management and key persons’ risk

59. What variable will most likely decrease as a market approaches overcapacity?

a) Loan defaults

b) Price of products

c) Loan applications

d) Availability of products

60. Companies operating in which industry are most likely to have a high investment in fixed infrastructure assets, with little inventory?

a) Electric utility

b) Food retailing

c) Home construction

d) Financial services consulting

61. What information in a credit agency report can help a bank assess a company’s management integrity?

a) Opinion about the company management

b) Information about the financial performance

c) How freely the management shares information

d) Details on covenant compliance for the bank loans

62. Which type of financial statement provides the best insight into the seasonality of a business’s operating cycle?

a) Monthly

b) Quarterly

c) Semi-annual

d) Annual

63. How many days is the short-term financing gap for a company with 47 trade receivables days, 68 inventory days and 63 trade payables days?

a) 42

b) 52

c) 84

d) 178

64. What three categories are cash payments classified by in the statement of cash flows?

a) Direct, indirect and Uniform Credit Analysis

b) Cash receipts, cash payments and capital expenditures

c) Operating activities, investing activities and financing activities

d) Operating activities, management activities and financing activities

65. What is a characteristic of a good business plan?

a) Setting measurable goals

b) Setting business objectives

c) Being reactive to changing demand

d) Defining who is accountable to the plan

66. A company that records the market value of its equipment on its balance sheet has not followed which accounting principle?

a) Cost

b) Matching

c) Conservatism

d) Going concern

67. What type of credit covenant requires the borrower to provide updates to the lender at certain intervals?

a) Affirmative

b) Enhancement

c) Information

d) Restrictive

68. What is the main purpose of conducting a competitive analysis during the loan pricing decision process?

a) To calculate the lowest lending rate the bank is willing to apply to the loan

b) To determine the probability of loss based on the competitor’s rate pricing

c) To persuade the relevant committee to approve a lending rate lower than those of competitors

d) To determine whether the lending rate should be adjusted based on the ceiling established by other lenders

69. What type of capital investment is intangible and financial in nature?

a) Applying for patents

b) Developing new products

c) Listing securities on a stock exchange

d) Replacing existing plant and equipment

70. Which proposition is least likely to be considered for a term loan for its financing requirements?

a) Expansion of a fleet of vehicles

b) Capital expenditure for a power plant

c) An instalment financing construction project

d) Daily working capital requirements for a small business

71. What action can a lender take if the restructuring decision process for a borrower determines a need to reduce exposure?

a) Set up and monitor qualitative triggers

b) Set up and monitor quantitative triggers

c) Restrict new drawdowns on committed facilities

d) Liquidate and sell the borrower’s current assets